Thursday, June 27, 2024

The Beato Goes On


Whenever the end of the month comes and I am short on posts and there's nothing in the hopper in the way of ideas, panic sets in.  "Let this not be the month that the streak is broken.  Let a fourth topic come!"  This has been a particularly busy month in which my mind has been preoccupied with my actual job, and I'm also preparing for a vacation.  And for some reason, none of the usual sources of inspiration are especially doing anything  for me.  

And then right on time, Rick Beato posts another YouTube video with an almost perfect clickbait title: "The Real Reason Why Music is Getting Worse."   I'm familiar with Mr. Beato's take on the kids' music of today-- for starters he hates autotune categorically.  Originally (and I'm sure to some extent still) a procurer of an expert's view on what makes a song great, he one day succumbed to the temptation to whine about today's music, and millions of clicks later it's a topic he returns to time and again.  You can't  (and I don't) fault a gent for suckling at the teat of the golden cow.  But from an aesthetic standpoint, from one old guy to another, I want to say "Dude! What are you doing?"  Nevertheless, this proclivity of his to serialize his complaints about contemporary song provides video essays that can be argued with in blog posts-- and who am I to look a gift horse in the mouth?  

Beato is a multi-instrumentalist, studio musician and teacher.  His unspoken beef with music today is essentially that much of it lacks the professionalism and credentials on which he built his career many decades ago. Technology has reached a point at which anyone can produce music without a degree in it or even any proficiency on an instrument. This is part of what rankles him about auto-tune and trap beats-- a recurring gripe in his videos.  He has done a series of videos in which he listens to the top 10 on Spotify and critiques it as he goes.  The latest is called "I didn't think the top 10 could get any worse"-- a purposely hyperbolic clickbait title that doesn't accurately describe the contents.  As for the topic, well, the top 10 has almost always sucked in my lifetime-- at least 80% of it from day one.  If you're in a complaining mood, it's easy to complain about music bland and predictable enough to appeal to almost anyone.  For my part, while I couldn't hum any of what he listened to back to you on his latest slumming in the Spotify Top 10, none of it hit my ears as being in the category of awfulness of say "Billy Don't Be A Hero" or "I Really Want to See You Tonight", or other turkeys from my and Rick Beato's youth.

But to the video at hand, I again think the title oversells the meager content.  There's a lot of hemming and hawing throughout.  In keeping with the boldness of the assertion that he is revealing the key to contemporary music's suckiness, however, Beato says he will provide a presentation in 2 acts.

Act 1: Music is too easy to make - Right off the bat, I find the notion that it's a bad thing that music might to be too easy to make to be an elitist opinion.  As a democratic populist, I celebrate when the tools that make the culture are available to all.  As a sometime user of the Logic software that came with my computer unbidden by me, I have benefited from the ways that technology has made music production widely accessible.  The phrase"music is too easy" hurts my ears.  However, Beato's demonstration of what he means contradicts his argument.  He compares the old days, when musicians had to be prepared to perform at their best in as few takes as possible in the days before multitrack recording and studio engineering, and recording engineers had to be conversant in the actual acoustics of their studios and how to capture the subtle colorings of voices and instruments, to today when the simplest of tracks can be (and usually are) highly engineered to remove imperfections in the performance and to create effects that would be close to impossible to sustain with traditional instruments; but his description of the process (and my own experience) belies the notion that anything about the creation of a track of decent music with technology is "too easy."  As with anything, much of music is derivative and unimaginative.  But so it has always been. Disco was a phenomenal form of music the best of which was produced by highly talented musicians, but its popularity ensured a glut of crass pale imitations that littered the airwaves.  The best music then and now is the product of a mix of inspiration (or sheer luck) and skill.  As far as Beato's lengthy aside that AI generated music both violates copyrights, hurts professional musicians and makes bad music to boot, he'll get no argument from me, but this is hardly in the same category as the music making by humans enhanced by advances in software. 

Act 2: Music is too easy to Consume - Yes this is actually presented as "Real Reason Why Music is Getting Worse."  Following a rather confusing demonstration analogizing the drops in the bucket that an artist's output is in the total marketplace of streaming music to actual drops of water from a stream that comes out of the kitchen faucet, Beato laments the days of his youth when if you wanted the latest Led Zeppelin album you had to work to earn the price of it and then drive to the local record store to actually purchase it.   What a feeling!  Today, there is so much music (100,000 new songs per day added to Spotify per the video) that Led Zeppelin would be lost in the shuffle.  Moreover according to Beato, the way many listen to music these days, Spotify (or other streaming apps), there is no opportunity to desire and explore quality music.  (This is not my experience; I feel no dearth of quality music in my ongoing playlist).  To Beato, Music in a stream just becomes an undifferentiated gush that gets poured into your ear.  It's as though there had never been such thing as radio -- the constant companion as one of my college media textbooks described it-- with its never-ending stream of musical product.  Was music better when DJs played the crap out of the same song all day until you wanted to chuck your transistor radio into the river? 

All of this raises a question, what does it mean to say "Music is getting worse"?  What does Beato mean by music.  When I think music, I think of an artistic expression of sound, words and rhythm that moves me or just gives me pleasure.  I can find no shortage of new music that fits the bill.  Truthfully if a song gets under my skin, I probably don't care if it was made purposely by Leonard Bernstein or by some fluke by AI.  There is no mechanism by which Music in this sense can get better or worse.  It just is and always will be as long we continue to make it.  But I suspect when Rick Beato thinks music, he thinks "product".  If music as a commodity is deteriorating, I think that deserves some cheer.

Friday, June 21, 2024

Midsummer Hormonal Dance Rampage

Kitra Williams - You're My Rose

Goldfrapp - Train

Mexican Institute of Sound - Revolución!

Slim Gaillard Orchestra (with Charlie Parker & Dizzy Gillespie) - Popity Pop


Sparks - My Baby's Taking Me Home


DJ Seinfeld & Confidence Man - Now U Do


Ensemble Leones - Wes mich mein bül ie hat erfreut  (Oswald von Wolkenstein)
 

Deee-Lite - Smile on

Verckys Et L'Orchestre Vévé - Talali Talala


The Mae Shi - Run To Your Grave


Peter Fox - Schüttel deinen Speck (Shake Your Bacon)


Betty Boo - Skin Tight


Nick Lowe - Let's Eat


Rock Steady Crew - (Hey You) The Rock Steady Crew


Sinkane - Young Trouble


Sebass - Xipnitiráki


Rosenberg Trio - Rhythme Futur (Django Rheinhardt)

Joanna Newsom - The Book of Right-On



Wednesday, June 19, 2024

Making Lemonade

Don Lemon interviewed Briahna Joy Gray within days of Gray's firing from the Hill's daily webcast Rising.  I strongly encourage you to watch it because Lemon's questioning provides-- even a year after his forced exit from the sine qua non of mainstream media outlets, CNN-- a gratuitous free window into how the mass media does information in an age in which the truth is particularly unkind to the motives and efficacy of the ruling and ownership elite in whose laps they curl up.

Gray was fired from Rising days after presenting a particularly devastating "Radar" or on-air commentary on the topic of a recent segment of Bill Maher's Real Time in which on the explicit basis of his inability to identify with Palestinian humanity, Maher dismissed the imbalance of misery inflicted on Palestinians in Israel's conduct of its prolonged military operation in Gaza, exemplified most recently  in a raid in which it rescued 4 hostages, killing 214 Palestinians (and  as usual, mostly women and children) in the process.  Lemon related that he had listened to Gray's Radar in real time and thought, "uh oh".  To Lemon, Gray's impetus to expose Maher's explicit bigotry and to debunk Israeli mistruths and propaganda around Hamas's conduct on October 7 was self-inflicted flirtation with willingness to be condemned as being pro-Hamas.

"If you knew they had it out for you, why did you continue to do what you did?" Lemon asked. Gray's answer was that she did it to represent the rare voice from the left side of the spectrum counterbalancing the prevailing center/right of center bias on mainstream media, and that she was "testing the hypothesis" of the Rising's producers that Katie Halper's firing from the same program a year before for commentary critical of Israel was not the reason she was fired.

"Do you think it's fair to describe The Hill as a conservative outlet?" Lemon asked.  "Considering the stance you have, if you have the sort of takes that you have on a right-leaning network, one might not be so surprised that they would try to get rid of you. You understand what I'm saying? 

Gray responded, "You're saying basically I asked for it."  She went on to say, "Can an organization hold itself out as one that's invested in free speech, as one that's giving you fair unbiased news coverage when it would fire one of its most popular hosts for ideological reasons?  Rising postures like independent media, it's a streaming show, can feel like one of these podcast like shows.  It does media criticism, covers a lot of free speech stories. It's faux posturing on issues that its audience very much cares about."

Lemon pushed back on the free speech.  "On streaming shows there are a lot of opinions on the right and left that would get you fired from traditional media."  What's more The Hill "didn't have to pay you", Lemon said, suggesting, "there's a free marketplace of ideas, other avenues."  Gray retorted that  news outlets want to project "a  veneer of objectivity, democracy dies in darkness etc."  We know these outlets are biased but we want to think they're "committed to this idea of the truth".  "How can you fire someone for her truthful factual coverage of what's going on in Gaza?" Gray asked, citing the example of her coverage of the originally widely reported, now thoroughly discredited beheadings of babies on October 7.  Her cohost on Rising had persisted in promoting that as fact when it was discredited and suffered no consequeneces.

Lemon: "Saying that Hamas did not behead babies could be viewed by some as being pro-Hamas and couldn't a case be made that Pro-Hamas journalists should not be allowed on the air?  Anyone who supports Hamas in any way should not be able to have a job or be able to speak and have someone pay for you to say that."  Gray: "You're supposed to lie and say that Hamas beheaded 40 babies? Is that what journalism has come to?  In most newsrooms that's exactly what journalism has come to."

Lemon: "Do you think you're at risk of alienating potential allies from the use of such inflammatory terms as genocide and apartheid? "

Gray: "I use the term that the ICJ has plausibly used which is genocide.  Officials have spoken so openly about their intentions in Gaza that it's an open and shut case."

As to the specific incident that is widely pointed to as the basis for which Gray was fired (it's important to note that out of the conversation in which she was released from her contract Gray herself was not made privy to a specific reason), the facts are that the producer of the show intentionally or not withheld information from Gray about the programming of the show the day that Yarden Gonen, the sister of a hostage who Gray was told requested an appearance in order to confront Gray about her reporting in contradiction of Israeli accounts of Hamas atrocities on October 7th beyond what is uncontested was the guest until moments before taping began.  The impetus for Gonen's request was that bucking the editorial priorities of the Rising producers, Gray had insisted on covering the now thoroughly debunked story reported in among other places the New York Times that there had been systematic raping of over 200 women including hostages in the attack.  While a UN panel investigating the claims suggested that incidents of rape or sexual assault consistent with the mayhem of a military attack may have occurred, there was no specific confirmation of the IDF's story -- which conveniently enough surfaced at the time that South Africa brought allegations of Israeli Genocide of Palestinians in Gaza to the International Court of Justice.  Nevertheless, at the conclusion of Gray's interview of Gonen, after Gray had wished for Netanyahu to agree to the terms of a cease fire that would bring her sister's safe return, Gonen said, "Thank you.  Me too, and I really hope that you, specifically, will believe women when they say that they got hurt" which prompted Gray to visibly roll her eyes and cut the interview short.  Was Gray rolling her eyes at the raping of women?   Of course not!  She was rolling her eyes at the fact there are no women even according to the UN report that many mainstream news organizations cited in support of the original Israeli Defense Force's story, even though the investigation had not turned up a single woman or video footage corroborating the IDF's claim.  Nevertheless, Gray's obvious exasperation is assumed to be the pretext for which the termination she had been expecting came to pass.

Lemon was of course, just asking questions.  But as a journalist who was himself recently terminated from CNN, his questions provided some insight into the mindset of the type of talent that finds its way to the screens of our most unquestioning media.  Gray knew she'd be fired, yet she persisted in pursuing truths that her employers were not particularly interested in telling.


Wednesday, June 5, 2024

Try Again

Democratic strategists, media boosters and party loyalists would like us to view Trump's new status as felon as Joe Biden’s golden ticket to re-election. This is the Dem wet dream: victory without effort, with no promises to excite on-the-fence voters with, allowing the Biden team to pretend that history will merely behave as they would command it to, and leaving them free to pursue their usual strategy of implementing Trump's border and trade agendas in order to try to court the handful of centrist asshole Republicans who could be courted to the exclusion of everyone else.  And if it doesn't work out for them, at least no one got too excited in the process.  

We have to eat so much shit in order to keep voting for dems that it’s easy for some of us to understand why the majority of Trump supporters are unlikely to be fazed by a little thing like their man’s conviction on 34 felony counts.  The rest of Dem boosters might be just a little bit deluded.  Their giddiness has gone to their heads, leaving their sobriety in doubt.  To be fair it is a heady thing.  A historic first:  Trump is the first president to be convicted of a felony.  Put another way, he's the first to have gotten caught committing an act that happens to be plausibly in the contemporary legal category of a crime.  He's the Al Capone of ex-Presidents, tripped up on the technicality of sloppy creative bookkeeping in his 2016 cover up of using campaign funds to buy the silence of one of his indiscretions -- a move intended only to allow him to come away untainted from the vanity exercise of an election everyone including him expected him to lose.   If he'd known he was actually going to win, he might have forgone the image maintenance.  Richard Nixon had Gerald Ford to pardon him before he could beat Trump to the distinction.  Others have simply taken advantage of the executive privilege our elite grant to each other in order to let them get away with whatever they can.  Trump's alienation of every potential peer who could have saved him is how he got in this position in the first place.

It should gall anyone with a conscience that of all the things you could pin on Trump-- how about his fascist appeal? -- Democrats opt to politically exploit the mere fact of Trump's conviction as though it means something that should alone be enough reason for the average person not to vote for him.  On the contrary, our selective, arbitrary, partisan, activist, corrupt and debased criminal justice system is in smithereens.  After witnessing or taking decades of abuse from it, our low esteem of it is well deserved.  We expect nothing from it ...  except in the case of Donald J. Trump?  Come on, man!  Call me cynical, but I've been well trained by reality to be.  This is aside from the fact that bigotry against criminal justice system losers is just plain sleazy.  

Something about the Stormy Daniels affair never added up.  In a moment of more typical over-confidence, Trump accurately predicted he could shoot someone in the face on 5th Avenue in broad daylight and his supporters would stick with him. This is the key to and the danger of Trump. But many Democrats do not seem to understand the problem. 

Wednesday, May 29, 2024

Trenulețul / The Train

A cinematic journey from Zdob și Zdub and Advahov Brothers:


Romanian: 

Merge trenul, parcă zboară
Dintr-o țară-n altă țară
Merge, nu poate pricepe
Care țară? Unde-ncepe?
Țară veche, țară nouă
Parcă-i una, parcă-s două
Ba aparte, ba-mpreună
Parcă-s două, parcă-i una

Hey ho, let's go!
Folklore and Rock'n'roll
Pleacă trenul, unde ești?
Chișinău – București

Și-ntr-o țară, și-n cealaltă
Joacă hora laolaltă
Și în fiecare țară
Face farmece vioara
Când ajunge trenu-n gară
Parcă n-a ieșit din țară
Parcă a mers, fără să iasă
De acasă pân-acasă

(3X) Hey ho, let's go!
Folklore and Rock'n'roll
Pleacă trenul, unde ești?
Chișinău – București

Chișinău – București

Меrgе іutе, mеrgе bіnе
Тrеnu' lеgănаt dе şіnе
Dar nu poate să-nțeleagă
Рrіn саrе țară aleargă
Țară veche, țară nouă
Parcă-i una, parcă-s două
Ba aparte, ba-mpreună
Parcă-s două, parcă-i una

(3X) Hey ho, let's go!
Folklore and Rock'n'roll
Pleacă trenul, unde ești?
Chișinău – București

~~~~

English (from the video's mostly literal, completely unimprovable English closed captioning):

Train is going, just like flying
From one country to another
It is going but confused:
What's the country? Are they fused?
Is it old or is it new?
Seems like one but also two
Both together and apart
Are there two or just one part?

Hey ho, let's go!
Folklore and Rock'n'roll
The train's route is East to West.
Chisinau to Bucharest!

Both in that land and in this
We dance hora - it's a bliss
And in each country within
Magic's made with violin
When the train gets to a stand
Feels like almost the same land
Feelse like went without a change
Home-to-home, what an exchange!

(3X) Hey ho, let's go!
Folklore and Rock'n'roll
The train's route is East to West.
Chisinau to Bucharest!

Chisinau to Bucharest!

Going quickly, going good
Train of our nationhood
But it can not comprehend
What's the country? Where's the end?
Is it old or is it new?
Seems like one but also two
Both together and apart
Are there two or just one part?

(3X) Hey ho, let's go!
Folklore and Rock'n'roll
The train's route is East to West.
Chisinau to Bucharest!

Tuesday, May 21, 2024

So Sorry

(Photo: Bruce Davidson)

In July 2021 I was triggered by a tweet asking "Do you think Biden voters regret their vote yet?" Coming as it did on the eve of the threatened expiration of a COVID-inspired moratorium on evictions which Biden was doing nothing to stop (to my memory Freshman congresswoman Cori Bush shamed her colleagues into doing the right thing of extending it before the deadline through her dramatic camping out on the steps of the Capitol), the tweet was really an invitation to Biden abstainers and doomsayers especially on the left to pile on on Biden voters, but as a reluctant, nose-holding Biden voter myself, I felt it my prerogative to answer.  At the time, the answer was "Je ne regrette rien", on the basis that as unsurprisingly bad as Biden had been, I could not imagine that it was worse than the only other alternative would have been.  I do not disavow that opinion.  A Senator of a very small state from the age of 30, Biden has always been among the worst of the worst of the Beltway, as utterly entrenched as they get, with a shameful litany of achievements that indict him as one of the architects (or certainly a handmaiden) of the neoliberal mess we're in.  And his career as president has been largely true to form.  There have been some surprises, but in keeping with his aggressive embodiment of the neoliberal order, we haven't gotten a lot of thrills from Biden's administration.  Mainstream politics (and media and economics and culture) is a lot like mainstream entertainment-- heavy on the violence and prudish on the sex.   You'd think there was a conspiracy to try to condition us or something.  The net effect is low expectations for everything but war and austerity-- the hallmarks of the neoliberal age.  But there are worse things.

Nevertheless, in the fading light of this bizarre 2024 election season, I have had some cause to rethink the regret.  I would guess it's not on the grounds that the July 2021 tweeter and cohort would think, though.  True, Biden's stubborn support of Bibi Netanyahu's genocide in Gaza and his dishonest and easy waffling about it as a feeble attempt to manipulate the public disapproval it's engendered to the detriment of his chances in November  (to say nothing of his more popular and stereotypical encouragement of Ukraine to fight the proxy war with Russia to the bitter end) are challenges to any notion that there could be a greater evil than Biden's posture of American and Israeli exceptionalism in these precarious times.  But I think you could reasonably quibble that banal evil while still pretty fucking evil is slightly less evil than Trump and Steve Bannon's brand.

That's not what I want to argue at this juncture, though, because I'm sure the July 2021 me would be a bit surprised that 2024 me has discovered a cause for regret.  It's just not the depth and flavor of regret that the "Nought No Matter What" crowd would prefer a Biden voter to have.  In my case, it came at the height of the primary season.  Biden, increasingly diminished in faculties and capacity, at the helm of a Jimmy Carter-esque mixed bag of a presidency of minor triumphs, multiple disappointments and major disasters, nevertheless pops the balloon of any Democratic party candidate who might have heralded true change from both Biden's neoliberalism and Trump's would-be spookhouse successor to it by deciding (against nearly universal wishes to the contrary) to seek re-election.  The few brave souls who tried anyway-- and in particular Marianne Williamson-- were met with a resounding "Not now!"  by a conventional wisdom shared even among the most pragmatic exponents of the actual Left still tied to the Democratic Party as the only realistic alternative to the GOP.  With Trump looming as the most likely challenger in November, few Democratic voters had the stomach to entertain a politics of possibility, global urgencies notwithstanding.  

And this is where my regret for the outcome of 2020 enters.  For if Joe Biden had not actually won in 2020, Trump would be finishing out his second and last term.  Certainly he would be striving furiously to change the rules, but it would be a longshot at best.    I won't engage in hypotheticals about what state the country and world would have been in by now and how it would compare to this one.  The point is, Joe Biden as we know him today taking on a candidacy from a position of non-incumbency would have seemed Quixotic at best, a case would be made for it as a sign of advanced dementia.  Instead, 2024 would and could have been a watershed year for politics.  Bernie Sanders for instance could well have made another run, and I have a distinct feeling the third time would have been the charm for him. As it is, Bernie was among those who set aside their own ambitions (if you can call Bernie's calling an ambition) in the interest of keeping a steady course for a second defeat of Trump in November.  It probably seemed prudent at the time.  In retrospect you wonder where were the heroes who, for the sake of the country and of history,  could have talked some sense into Biden and his enablers  and talked them  out of this increasingly dubious cause?  What new era have we delayed by having to endure this geriatric rematch of 2020?

Meanwhile, elsewhere in the world of elective politics, Marco Rubio campaigning to be Trump's Vice President on Meet the Press last weekend said that he would not accept an "unfair election" if the outcome does not favor his candidate-- the latest indication of a new normal in American politics.  Reminding me once again that entrusting the running of our government to self-dealing career politicians and well-funded dilettantes is our first mistake.  Likewise, the bittersweet quality of what could have been with Bernie Sanders if not for the stakes of nefarious forces pulling strings out of view of the electorate is Exhibit A in the case against expecting anything meaningfully good to come out of electoral politics.  

Contrary to the lie we collectively tell ourselves, electoral politics were never actually meant to be democratic.  They were designed to be coopted by a self-selected "elite"-- elite not as in the most intelligent or wise, but merely as in exclusionary-- serviced by a priesthood whose seminaries are our most exclusive universities-- artisanal factories that from the paste composed of the children of the privileged extrude a class of magistrates, courtiers and courtesans.   Graduation from the seminaries is a requirement for ascent to the halls of government (following a sham ritual in which the masses who are not successfully thwarted from voting "choose" the least bad among interchangeable mostly awful and at best mediocre candidates) whose business is likewise the servicing of the elite.   

You shouldn't have to go to Harvard to have your say about the course of our nation.  The answer as always, ladies and gentlemen, is to select our representatives, our leaders, our judges, randomly from among ourselves-- just as we select juries.  The divorce of money from the process of selecting our leaders is enough reason to put our heads together to figure out how we eject these paper tigers from our seat of government and finally install ourselves where we belong.  I have a few ideas some of which I've already shared.  When you compare and contrast the benefits of democracy by lot to our current method of "representation", you will begin to see no end to the ways in which so many of our ills today across the globe -- from purposely austere and unresponsive government to jingoistic war to entrenched arbitrary hierarchies-- are the deliberate result of electoral politics designed to thwart everything that does not benefit a thin sliver of artificially privileged, intentionally unimaginative and morally bankrupt "representatives" who represent no one but themselves.


Friday, May 17, 2024

Maximum Wage

Portrait of Australian Mining Billionaire Gina Rinehart by acclaimed artist Vincent Namatjira.  National Gallery of Australia has refused to accede to Rinehart's demand for it to be taken down.

What if the highest annual compensation for anyone in any company could be no more than ten times the salary of the lowest paid employee?  What if no one could make more than a million dollars a year or have more than ten million in assets.   Easy!  You say.  Entrepreneurialism would die.  Creativity would die. Why try if you could never get rich trying?   It's obvious!  Only it's wrong.  I’ll tell you what would happen. The incentives to be head of a company would change.  Those motivated only by money would be relegated to the dustbins of history and because of it, the world would become a much better place.  Now the incentive for  a person to be head of an enterprise would be not a thirst for Power and money and dominance. That would be impossible. They would instead be motivated by a desire to do the work. The mission of companies would change from unlimited growth at the expense of everything and everybody else to fulfillment of a need. 

In truth there have been periods even in American history in which salaries were limited by a tax rate designed to take the burden for funding the public projects that are the domain of our shared government off the backs of the lowest paid in the county and place it where it more properly belongs, off of those who make more money than any person has a moral right to make. The tax rate in the Eisenhower years was 90% for the top bracket.  That forced civility was responsible for the building of our interstate system and infrastructure, for a general prosperity of large working and middle classes and for the building of our space program from scratch.  The tax rate of the top bracket was 70% when Ronald Reagan took office and 30% when term limits mercifully ejected him.   (Yes that was B-movie has-been Ronald Reagan dogging around the worst developments of recent history yet again).  Today in the US, the limit on the amount that the top paid can be taxed is 37%.  Thanks to loopholes, exceptions, deductions and finaglings of what philosopher Ingrid Robeyns calls the "wealth defense industry", many many of our most heavily salaried and the corporations they run pay next to nothing.  This means the burden for keeping our shoestring government together falls on those who are among the most financially precarious themselves.

Robeyns's new book Limitarianism makes the case that unlimited wealth for the tiny minority is not merely immoral for many certifiable reasons but an extravagance that the species and the planet can no longer afford and the cause of the majority of our most urgent crises.  The top 1% in income (78 million people) are responsible for the same amount of global warming pollution as the bottom two-thirds (roughly 5 billion of the planet's 7.8 billion people).  The top 10% (780 million) are responsible for as much as the other 90%.  Through their investments, their wealth and their extravagant lifestyles, Billionaires (of whom there are currently around 2781) are responsible for more than a million times the global warming of those in the bottom 90%.

The extent of the problem of the overpaid is poorly understood (probably on purpose).  Robeyns describes an experiment in which people are asked to guess their own place on the spectrum of wealth; to estimate what percentage of wealth is owned by each of the 5 quintiles of the world's population organized by wealth; and to assess a more equitable distribution.

The perfectly equal distribution gave each of the five groups exactly 20 percent of all wealth. A somewhat less equal distribution gave each of the quintiles a different share of the total wealth. They received, respectively, 36 percent, 21 percent, 18 percent, 15 percent, and 11 percent of all wealth. The last option was the actual wealth distribution in America in 2005, with the five groups holding 84 percent, 11 percent, 4 percent, and virtually nothing for the last two groups. A whopping 92 percent of respondents choose the second option.

The top 20 percent of the population at the time of the study had 84.4 percent of wealth, but respondents thought it was 58 percent. They wanted it to be even smaller, namely 31 percent. The bottom 20 percent had almost no wealth (0.1 percent, to be precise), yet participants in the study thought they had 3 percent, and would want them to have about 11 percent

Robeyns theorizes, probably accurately that people identify with the wealthy and advantage them in the study as they would like themselves to be advantaged should they attain the wealth to which we are all enculturated to aspire.  Similar logic applies to why inheritance taxes are so unpopular even though they are structured to mitigate the unearned advantage that offspring of the wealthiest have by virtue of being "born on third base."  While we like to think our own children will not be penalized for whatever meager wealth we can pass on to them, inheritance tax loopholes are designed to keep money that does not belong in the concentration that the wealthy have it in away from the type of government program that could do the most public good.  The "trickle up" nature of our economy that funnels the meager earnings we can make down here to the already bursting coffers of the wealthy up there is designed to make it ever harder for those at the bottom of the pyramid to ever scale the walls.  This rigged system nevertheless produces a class of wealth hoarder who thinks his wealth is earned.  But as Robeyns writes: 

It is fodder for psychologists why so many people have such a great urge to believe that they are strong, capable of life on their own. We are not. None of us can survive very long without other human beings

As Robeyns asks:

How can Tim Cook, the CEO of Apple and who became a billionaire thanks to Apple, sleep peacefully at night knowing about the poor, sometimes horrendous, working conditions endured by men and women in the assembly line of Apple’s Chinese factories?

Fortunately the target of capitalistic excess is a huge one and Robeyns offers several attacks to undertake to bring us closer to a more egalitarian world:

Dismantle neoliberal ideology - It's beyond time to end the hegemony of the well-funded, deviously strategic but ultimately intellectually impoverished neoliberals-- the single greatest cause of our nearly universal misery and a persistent obstacle to a better future for all.

Reduce class segregation - Robeyns suggests that the ultra-wealthy, being rightfully paranoid about mingling with the masses whose lifeblood enriches them by the minute and willfully ignorant of the misery their greed breeds, might not be able to withstand their choices if confronted more regularly with people not of their own class.  Likewise exposure to the lifestyles of the rich and famous could be an eye-opening experience for the many who live with the cognitive dissonance of our chosen disparity by tamping down an appreciation of the extent of the injustice being perpetrated against them daily by the slim minority.

Establish a balance of economic power  - As most of the nominal democracies of the world have set up balances of political power between the branches of government to keep any of them from dominance over the others, Robeyns proposes the establishment of regulations, laws and institutions to balance the currently unbridled power of the wealth-defending financial sector of the economy.

Restore the government’s fiscal agency - specifically to return to the saner progressive tax rates of the Eisenhower era and beyond.  It is high time to end the party at our expense, and to once again begin to expect the kind of service and public good of our government that we deserve and that our current structure-- dependent as it is on our own broke asses-- deprives us of.

Confiscate dirty money and pay reparations for past harms - Robeyns returns again and again to the theme of dirty money (a la Tim Cook, or the mediocre in every way except luck descendants of the many who made their fortunes leaving a trail of broken, dead bodies in their wake).  Most of the super wealthy are unclean, but they could purify themselves by repairing the harm they or their forebears did.

Make the international economic architecture fair - The more you know about the behavior of Americans and other Western powers in the world, the clearer it is that our might has almost never been right.  The vampiric International Monetary Fund; our campaigns of anti-communist terror; our excursions into every corner in order to assert our dominance.  Our superiority is in the way we brandish our gall.  We are the free riders.  It needs to stop and it needs to be reversed so that the planet can breathe free at last.

Limit executive pay  - In essence establish a maximum wage.  Some have thought that every billionaire being a policy failure, $1 Billion is the nice round number we should use.  Too high says Robeyns who suggests $10 Million as a starter figure (a maximum from which she thinks we should only go down.)  I say why stop at $10 Million.  Convince me it needs to be more than $1 Million.

Lastly, Halt the intergenerational transmission of wealth - If it rids the world of the billionaire class by attrition, perhaps we should do it first.